高考英语备考攻略

篇1:高考英语备考攻略

一、从用法上复习归纳词汇,过语法关

英语词汇大多具有本身词义外,还有其语法功能,我们在复习时就不要把着眼点单纯放在单词记忆上,而 要从它们的语法功能上去把握它们。如在复习动词时我们就要根据它们变化形式多、搭配活跃等特点,从它们的用法上进行分类记忆。这样,既可记住词汇,又可攻克语法难关。

1.宾语不同,意义也不同

英语中有些动词可同时后接不定式和动名词作宾语,但意义不同。它们是高考试题的考查重点。这类词主 要有:

go on doing(继续干同一件事) go on to do(接着去干另一件事)

stop doing sth.(停止正在干的事) stop to do sth.(停下来去干某事)

regret doing(后悔干了某事) regret to do(相当于be sorry to do)

forget/remember doing(忘记/记得已做过的事) forget/rem-ember to do(忘记/记得要干的事)

mean doing(意味着干…) mean to do(想干…)try doing(尝试做) try to do(设法做)

(95高考)\”you were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.well,now i regret_____ ___that.\”

a.to do b.to be doing c.to have done d.having done

(92高考)\”i usually go there by train.why not____________by boat for a change?\”

a.to try going b.trying to go c.to try and go d.try going

(87高考)they would not allow him_________across the line. a.to risk going b.risking going c.for risk to go d.risk going

2.都可接宾语和宾补,形式却不同

某些动词如forbid,advise,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名词,但接宾补时,宾补要用不定式。如: we forbid smoking here.(宾语)we forbid you to smoke here.(宾补)you are forbidden to smoke here.(主补)

3.宾语不同、语态不同,意义却相同

有些词如need,require,want,deserve等后可接不定式(要用被动形式),可接动名词(要用主动形式表被动意义),可与worth,worthy一并记忆。两种形式意义相同。如:the room requires to be cleaned/cleaning.

(85高考)this sentence needs______________. a.an improvement b.improve c.improving d.improved

4.只接不定式作宾语的词和词组

只接不定式作宾语的词和词组有:decide,expect,refuse,wish,hope,order,promise,pretend,offer,happen,seem,make up one\’s mind,used,be about,be able,have等。如:(89高考)she pretended_______me when i passed by. a.not to see b.not seeing c.to not see d.having not seen

5.只接动名词作宾语的词和词组

只接动名词作宾语的词和词组:mind,risk,avoid,enjoy,escape,keep,suggest,appreciate,practise,delay,finish,feel like,look forward to,can\’t help,keep(on),miss,be usedto,excuse,be worth,imagine ,put off,give up等。如:

(92高考)i would appreciate_________back this afternoon.a.you to call b.you call c.your calling d.you are calling

(87高考)the squirrel was lucky that it just missed______.a.catching b.to be caught c.being caught d.to catch

6.系动词

系动词后可用名词、不定式、分词和形容词等作表语,这类词有:

表感观的系动词:look,sound,taste,smell,feel,seem,appear(这些词用形容词作表语)

表变化的系动词:become,get,turn,grow,make,come,go,fall,run表依旧的系动词:remain,keep,stay,continue,stand,rest,lie,hold

可带名词作表语的系动词:be,become,make,look,sound,fall,prove,remain,turn(该词后接的单数名词前多不用冠词。如:he turned teacher.)(91高考)these oranges taste____________.a.good b.well c.to be good d.to be well

7.含\”被动\”意味的动词

有些动词,如sell,open,close,wash,teach,burn,measure,cut,lock,cost,read,write,tear,wear,pull, clean,add,cook,let(出租)等,它们的主语是事物,且又是表示主语的固有特征和状态,与行为方式状语连 用时,要用主动形式表被动意义:

my pen writes smoothly.我的笔好写。oil burns easily.油易燃烧。

(88高考)that suit_________over 60 dollars.a.had costed b.costed c.is cost d.cost

(97高考)\”is this raincoat yours?no,mine____________there behind the door.\”a.is hanging b.has hung c.hangs d.hung

8.具有两种形式的易混动词

中学英语教材中有些不规则动词有两种过去式或两种过去分词形式,使用或考测时极易弄混。如:

hang,hanged,hanged(绞死)hang,hung,hung(挂起)

light,lit,lit(点燃,作谓语)light,lighted,lighted(过去分词作形容词用时,意谓\”燃烧着的\”,作定语)

drink,drank,drunk/drunken(喝,饮;过去分词作形容词同时,意谓\”醉的\”,drunk多作表语,drunke n多作定语)

sink,sank,sunk/sunken(下沉;过去分词sunken作形容词用时,作定语)

bear,bore,born(出生)bear,bore,borne(结果;生育)the woman,who was born in 1940,has borne five children.[page]

lie(撒谎), lied, lied, lying lie(躺,卧,位于),lay, lain, lying

(89高考)do you know the boy___________under the big tree? a.lay b.lain c.laying d.lying

二、从搭配上复习归纳词汇,过习语关

英语词汇的搭配十分活跃,复习时我们要把重点放在某些常用的动词、名词或介词、副词。我们可按下列 方式进行对比归纳。

1.常用的搭配活跃的名词: 常用的搭配较活跃的名词有:time,way,moment,means等。如time的搭配短语在中学教材中出现有:in no time(立刻,马上),on time(按时),in time(及时、迟早、最终),at a time(一次),behind the times(落伍),behind time(不及时,晚点),at one time(曾经),for a time(一度),at othe r times(其它时候,平素),at times(有时候),at all times(一直,经常)

(93高考)if you keep on,you will succeed_____________.a.in time b.at one time c.on time d.at the same time

(94高考)don\’t all speak at once!___________,please.a.each at on time b.one by one time c.one for each time d.one at a time

2.常用的搭配活跃的动词: 常用的搭配活跃的动词有:look,take,make,give,get,have,go,do,turn,put,set,come等。复习时我们要尽量将具有相反意义的介词、副词与同一动词的搭配罗列在一起对比记忆,如turn一词:turn on(打开),turn off(关上),turn up(放大音量等;出现),turn down(放小音量等;拒绝) ,turn in(上交),turn against(反对),turn out(生产),turn away(避开)

(81高考)would you mind__________your radio a little? a.turn off b.turning off c.to turn down d.turning down

(92高考)readers can_______quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word. a.get over b.get out of c.get away d.get off

3.常用的搭配活跃的介词、副词: 搭配活跃的介词、副词有:in,out,up,down,on,off,to,from,for,over,with等。复习时,我们要从不同动词、名词等与同一介词、副词搭配进行逐一过关,如on的搭配有:

①on与动词的搭配: get on(上车/船等),live on(以…为生),feed on(以…为生),take on(接受;雇用),turn on(打开开关/电器等),look on(旁观),spy on(侦察/窥探),call on(号召;拜访),go on(继续 ),have on(穿戴),dependon(依*),wait on(侍候),carry on(执行),hold on(坚持),insi st on(坚持),play tr-icks on(戏弄),fix on(注视),impress on(留下印象)

②on与名词搭配(注意冠词的取舍):on duty(值班),on business(因公;因事),on fire(燃烧),on show(展览),on time(准时) ,on strike(罢工),on watch(监视,观察),on sale(出售;大减价),on earth(到底,究竟),on journey(旅游),on foot(步行),on purpose(故意),on the way(在路上),on the contrary(相 反),on one hand(一方面),on the right(在右边),on the whole(总而言之),on one\’s own(独自 ),on one\’s side(支持,站在某一方),on holiday/leave(度假/请假)

③其它情况:later on(后来),from now/then on(从现在/那时起),on account of(由于,因为)

(93高考)we offered him our congratulations_______his passing the college entrance exams. a.at b.on c.for d.of

(91高考)a new school was___________in the village last year. a.held up b.set up c.sent up d.brought up

三、从对比词/词组的同义、词序或结构等复习归纳词汇,过辨析关

1.动作动词和结果动词: 英语中有些动词虽然意义相同,但用法不同,有的表示某个动作,而另一个则表示该动作所产生的结果,这类动词常见的有:look for(寻找),find(找到);look(看),see(看见);listen(听),hear(听到);try(试 图,不说明是否成功),manage(设法,侧重做到);advise(劝告,不说明是否劝成),persuade(劝服, 侧重劝成功)

(87高考)how can you__________if you are not_________? a.listen,hearing b.hear,listening c.be listening,heard d.be hearing,listened to

2.词序不同、意思就不同: 有少量词组颠倒词序后意思和用法就不同了,常见的有:before long(不久以后),long before(很久以前)turn in(上交;就寝),in turn(按次序,轮流)hand in(上交),in hand(在手边)from far(来自远方),far from(离得远;远非)much too(非常,修饰形容词或副词),too much(太多,修饰名词,也可作名词)if only(要是…),only if(只有…)all in(精疲力尽),in all(总共)good for(对…有好处),for good(永远)

(95上海)it was__________late to catch a bus after the party,therefore we called a taxi. a.too very b.much too c.too much d.far

before long,he moved to london and made london the base for his revolutionary work.[page]

it was not long before the whole country rose up and drove the aus trians out of their homeland.

3.动词后有无介词,意思不同: 因有无介词而词义不同的动词在中学英语教材中较多,常见的如:search(对人、物或场所搜查),search for(搜寻人、物或场所)leave(离开某地),leave for(去某地)reach(到达;拿到),reach for(伸手去拿)prepare(准备),prepare for(为…作准备)enter(进入),enter for(报名参加)run(经营;跑),run for(竞选)stand(站;忍受),stand for(代表)answer(回答),answer for(负责)know(了解,知道),know about(知道关于…)pay(付钱、债给某人),pay for(付钱买某物)

the baby reached for the apple but he couldn\’t reach it.那婴儿伸手去拿苹果,但够不到。

the mayor who used to run a small shop will run for the senate.那个曾经营过一家小店的市长准备去竞选参议员。

4.有无-ly,意思和用法都不同: 这词在教材中较多。一般来说,在形容词后加了-ly成了副词,但有些形容词不加-ly时也可作副词,因而 在使用或考测时学生常混淆不清,复习时可按用法分类记忆:

a.表具体(无-ly)和抽象(有-ly)的区别:wide(宽广),widely(广泛地)deep(深),deeply(深深地)high(高,位置高),highly(高度地)low(位置低),lowly(地位卑微)

b.有无-ly,意思不同:near(近,附近),nearly(几乎)hard(努力),hardly(几乎不)most(大部分),mostly(主要地)like(象…一样),likely(大概,也许)dear(昂贵),dearly(深切地;昂贵地)close(*近地),closely(密切地)late(迟到),lately(最近)bad(坏),badly(恶劣地;严重地)

5.合写与分写时意思不同:这类词在拼法上一样,但合写和分写在用法和意义上却不同,常见的词有:sometime(某个时候),some time(一段时间)sometimes(有时),some times(几次)everyday(adj.\”日常的\”,作定语),every day(每天)anyway(adv.无论怎样),any way(以任何方式)altogether(总共,完全),all together(一道,一起)already(已经),all ready(都已准备好)everyone(每个人,指人,不可接of短语),every one (每个人或物,后可接of短语)none(没有,可指人或物),no one(没有,专指人)

(95高考)they were all very tired,but_____of them would stop to take a rest. a.any b.some c.none d.neither

6.差了一个字母a,意思大不同: 这类词不多,但在练习中极易出错,使?在练习中ec淆,因而要从用法和意义上加以辨别。如:

alive(adj.\”活着的\”,作表语),live(adj.修饰物,作定语:a live fire)

alone(adj.,adv.\”独自\”,作形容词时作表语),lone(adj.\”孤独的;偏僻的\”,作定语)

asleep(adj.\”熟睡的\”,常作表语),sleep(v.,n.睡着)

awake(adj.,v.\”醒着;叫醒\”,作形容词时作表语),wake(v.叫醒)

alike(adj.\”相象的\”,表语形容词),like(v.,prep.,adj.喜欢;象…一样)

arise(vi.产生;发生;出现),rise(vi.起来;上涨;上升)

across(prep.,adv.穿过;横过),cross(v.穿过;横过)

await(vt.\”等候\”,直接接宾语),wait(vi.\”等候\”,不及物动词)

aloud(adv.\”大声地\”,与read,call,cry等连用,无比较级形式),loud(adv.\”大声地,响亮地\”, 常与talk,speak,shout,laugh等词连用)

注意:有a-的形容词常作表语,作定语时则要后置。如:it\’s difficult for the man awake to fall asleep again.

四、归纳易拼错的常用词,过拼写关

归纳易拼错的常用词如:quarrel,immerdiately,camera,umbrella,envelope,develop,popular,republic ,public,appreciate,pronunciation等,攻克单词拼写难关。

篇2:高考英语备考攻略

201. what makes the space shuttle _____ is that it takes off like a rocket but lands like an airplane.

a. exceptional    b. strange    c. unique    d. rare

[答案]c. unique.

[注释]unique(=being the only one of its type)同类事物中独一无二的。如:this stamp is unique; all others like it have been lost or destroyed.

202. people cannot but feel _____, for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.

a. puzzled    b. delighted    c. induced    d. inspired

[答案]a. puzzled.

[注释]be (feel, get) puzzled感到迷惑、为难。

本题译文:人们不得不感到迷惑,因为他们简直不能理解,他怎么能犯这样愚蠢的错误。

203. when a space shuttle has accomplished its _____, it can be ready for another trip in about two weeks.

a. venture  b. mission c. commission d. responsibility

[答案]b. mission.

[注释]mission通常指一种特殊的、特定的且有一定难度的使命或工作,常与accomplish, complete等词搭配,如:accomplish a historic mission完成一项历史使命。venture冒险;常指商业上的冒险投机。例如:he declined the business venture. commission委任;代理;佣金。he often goes beyond his commission.(他时常越权。)responsibility责任。

本题译文:当航天飞机完成了它的使命,它能在大约两周内做好准备再次航行。

204. he\’s the kind of man who is fond of _____ compliments to other men\’s wives.

a. paying  b. saying  c. expressing  d. showing

[答案]a. paying

[注释]pay a compliment (compliments) to sb.恭维某人。

205. radar enables the pilot of an airliner to take off, fly and land in _____.

a. danger   b. comfort  c. continuity d. safety

[答案]d. safety.

[注释]in safety安全地。从逻辑上看,其他选择均不切题。

206. the map was drawn to the standard _____ of 1/100,000, so there was not much detail.

a. route    b. line    c. rate    d. scale

[答案]d. scale.

[注释]scale在此题中意指“(实物与地图、图解等代表物间的)比例,比例尺”.be drawn to be standard scale of 1/100,000(按照十万分之一标准比例尺绘制)。

207. our party has always devoted great attention to raising the living _____ of the working people.

a. cost    b. situation    c. level    d. standard

[答案]d. standard.

[注释]living standard生活水准。

208. it was _____ by the railway board that the cost of rail fares would be increased by ten percent.

a. noticed    b. stated    c. suggested    d. noted

[答案]b. stated.

[注释]state此处意为“(=make sth. know, announce)宣布,通告,声明(口头的或书面的)”,如:it is stated that all the accident were killed.(据宣布,事故中全部人员无一幸免。)suggest建议,是表示欲望意义的动词,从句中要用虚拟语气(should +动词原形)。note(=notice)“注意到”,如:it was noted that the temperature rose during this time.

209. the chances of discovering life on neptune are about a million _____.

a. at one    b. for one    c. to one    d. against one

[答案]c. the one.

[注释]a million to one百万分之一,意为“几乎没有什么可能”。

210. everything he said then was _____ by what happened later.

a. identified  b. signified c. noticed   d. verified

[答案]d. verified.

[注释]verify(=prove the truth of)证实,证明:1)it was easy to verify his statements.(很容易证实他说的话。) 2)later findings verified the scientist\’s theory(后来的各种发现证明这位科学家的理论是对的。)

identify识别,鉴别;signify表示,意味,要紧;有重要性:1)he signified that he agreed by nodding.(他点头表示同意。) 2)never mind, it doesn\’t signify.(没事儿,这无关紧要。)

211. the party, which had been greatly _____, was spoiled by the rude behavior of an uninvited guest.

   a. looked forward to    b. looked up to

   c. called forth         d. called for

[答案]a. looked forward to.

[注释]look forward to 期待,盼望。参阅.109.; call forth引起,唤起。参阅.29注释。 call for需要,参阅.26注释。look up to尊敬。[page]

212. it was clear that the small grocer was _____ people he owed money to.

   a. at the expense of     b. at the risk of

   c. in the way of         d. at the mercy of

[答案]d. at the mercy of.

[注释]at the mercy of在……支配下:the ship was at the mercy of the waves.(这艘船任凭风浪摆布。)

at the expense of以……为代价,靠牺牲……;in the way of碍……事;at the risk of冒……的危险:1)he devoted his time to football at the expense of his studies.(他牺牲学习把时间都花在足球上。) 2)her social lift got in the way of her studies.(她的社交生活妨碍了她的学习。) 3)we do this at the risk of our lives and liberties.(我们冒丢掉生命和丧失自由的危险做这件事。)

本题译文:显然,这家小杂铺任凭其债主的摆布。

213. i _____ her not to walk on the thin ice but she would not listen to me.

a. warned    b. persuaded    c. suggested    d. noticed

[答案]a. warned.

[注释]warn sb. (not) to do sth.警告某人(不)做某事。

suggest不能接sb. to do sth。persuade sb.(not) to do sth.说服、某人(不)做某事;本题中不能选d. persuaded, 因该动词强调行为的结果。从逻辑上讲,既然“说服了”,那么与she wouldn\’t listen to me就前后矛盾了。如果把句子该为:i tried to persuade her not to walk on the thin ice but she wouldn\’t listen to me.(我极力劝她不要在薄冰上走,但她不愿听我的话。),那么就符合逻辑了。

[注意]warn sb. of sth.警告某人有……。

214. when products made in factories _____, they are thrown away as garbage.

   a. come to an end    b. are put to use

   c. are used up       d. wear out

[答案]d. wear out.

[注释]wear out本题中意指(become useless form continued use of wear)用坏,穿破,如:the machine will soon wear out.(这机器即将用坏。)come to and end(结束),put … to use(投入使用), use up(用完), come into use(开始投入使用)。

215. she is making herself ill with _____ over her son\’s future.

a. trouble    b. annoyance    c. disgust    d. worry

[答案]d. worry

[注释]worry既可作动词用,也可以作名词用,意思是“忧虑”,后接介词about或over。worry over 比worry about对某事的忧虑更为持久,更为专注,如:he worries over the least thing that goes wrong.(他总是惟恐有一点小事出错。)

216. the microphone enabled them to keep in touch, in other words, it made it _____ for them to contact each other.

a. likely    b. capable    c. possible    d. probable

[答案]c. possible

[注释]able有才能的,有能力的,指人的才智,而且是受过实际锻炼的才干。capable“有才能的,能胜任的”(有褒、贬 二义),如:he is capable of anything.(他什么事都干得出来。)此句含有明显得贬义。此外,作表语时,able接不定式,capable接of. capable还有一意思是“有可能 的”,例如:the car is capable of being repaired .(这辆汽车是有可能修好的。)用于此义时,be capable of 后常接被动语态动名词或有动作意义的名词:the situation is capable of improvement .possible 强调客观可能性,“可能的”程度比probable\”大概的,很可能的低一些。

[注意]likely与possible在结构搭配上的区别。likely可用于下列句型中:1)it is likely that…例如:it is highly likely that he will succeed.(很可能他会成功。)2)think(feel, consider)it likely …例如:i think it likely that we will ultimately get a certain amount of money.3)be likely to do sth.例如:he is likely to see you again .但下面的句型是错误的,it is likely for sb to do sth.所以think it likely for sb. to do sth.也是错误的,故本题不能选likely.

217. they did not find _____ to prepare for the worst conditions they might meet.

   a. worth their while    b. it worthwhile

   c. it worth             d. it worthy

[答案]b. it worthwhile

[注释]worthwhile值花时间(或精力)干的:1)the visit to paris was worthwhile .2)he thinks teaching foreign languages is worthwhile.3)she has a very worthwhile job